We show that the radical bundle of an algebra bundle is a characteristic ideal bundle. Further we prove an algebra bundle is semisimple if and only if its derivation algebra bundle is either semisimple or zero.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a common injury in sports. Different techniques for reconstruction of this ligament have been suggested. This paper compares the knee kinematics between "single bundle" and "double bundle" ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon in a computerized knee model.Methods: A computer-knee modle was constructed. Then "single bundle" and "double bundle" ACL reconstruction was performed. The knee stability and ligament tension were tested in 3 different settings: 1) At 30o knee flexion under isolated posteroanterior load, valgus and rotational torque was applied, 2) In weight-bearing flexion range (from extension to 70o of flexion) an anterior load of 134 Newton was applied, 3) Knee model was loaded by a non-contact pivot farce to produce ACL rupture.Results: The results showed no significant difference between "single bundle" and "double bundle" under isolated loading. The second and third model, however, showed 4 times greater tension on the ligament in "single bundle". The "single bundle" in the second technique of testing (weight bearing) showed at most 7 mm more displacement compared with "double bundle". In the third testing technique "double bundle" was stronger than "single bundle" in valgus torque resistance. The internal rotation stability was also more in "double bundle".Conclusion: Functional stability of knee model of ACL reconstruction with a "double bundle" graft is superior to a "single bundle" graft.

Cardiac pacing is the only effective therapy for patients with symptomatic bradycardia in the absence of reversible etiologies. Right ventricular pacing (RVP) has been widely used for almost 60 years. However, RVP causes electric and mechanical dyssynchrony. Due to such effects, RVP is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and atrial fibrillation development. For these reasons, there is increasing interest in physiological pacing techniques that directly activate the specialized conduction system. There are two main methods for conduction system pacing: 1) His Bundle Pacing (HBP) 2) Left Bundle Pacing (LBP) HBP has gained prominence. Multiple studies have demonstrated the feasibility and clinical benefits of this technique...

A Hegel has been subjected to a variety of incompatible interpretations in recent times, from absolute idealism to realism, from pro-metaphysical to sans metaphysical. One of the more eccentric Hegelian thinkers is Slavoj Žižek, who believes that Hegel must be read as a radical materialist to clear the path to true human liberation. Žižek’s highly controversial interpretations of Hegel have gained a celebrity level of exposure and popularity and are mixed with Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalytic themes and post-Marxist anti-capitalist political-social ruminations. This paper will traverse themes in Hegel’s early religious writings through to the Phenomenology of Spirit to critically assess Žižek’s claims. It will support his assertion that Hegel was not an absolute idealist but will reject the claim that Hegel was a materialist. Not only was Hegel strongly opposed to materialism and rejected its most basic assumptions, but his dialectic evolves beyond this into a form of radical mysticism. Hegel considered naïve traditional empiricism, rationalism, and mysticism to be unfit for a new urban landscape in which science and technology were flourishing at an accelerating rate. He also wanted to defend philosophy and religion as independent fields which addressed truth, higher reality, and the greatest consciousness that the human mind could reach in the journey to surpassing its limitations.